Although Malawi was not struck directly, the cyclone caused heavy rainfall. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Damages caused to houses. Professional beneficiation for 20 years, own mineral … Aid workers in the area say they have only days of clean water left. The anomalies are departures from the monthly climatology averaged from 1979 to 2009. Little is known about the spatial and temporal trends of such storm landfalls during recent historical times, specifically the last ca. Page 8 of 47 Impact of Mid latitude cyclones on human activities and the environment Impact on human activities Impact on the environment Positive: Provide rain for Agriculture Increases profit Snow attracts tourists Positive: Vegetation and Animals benefit Negative: Cold conditions and flooding can cause loss of life. South Africa is mostly found in plateau. These cyclones are large … How Mid-Latitude Cyclone Form They develop in stages beginning as a polar stationary front that is a semi-continuous boundary separating cold, polar air from more moderate mid-latitude air. .css-po6dm6-ItalicText{font-style:italic;}By Lucy Rodgers, Gerry Fletcher and Mark Bryson. Figure 7. eAssessment Preparation Frequently Asked Questions Grade 12 Subject Support !!!NEW!!! The LTAS process aims to provide a coherent view of South Africa’s climate change vulnerabilities over the short (next decade) medium (next two to three decades) and long term (mid-century to end of century), as dependent on the latest range of IPCC forcing scenarios but down scaled for South Africa. Detailed summary on tropical cyclones covered in the climatology section of grade 12 geography. Here is a picture of a typical mid-latitude cyclone and hurricane. The swirling air rises and cools, creating clouds and precipitation. A historical database of significant cyclones from 1980 to mid-2009 was created from publicly available data. Non-conventional Energy Sources. The UN says more than 80,000 people have been displaced. An intense mid-latitude cyclone may have a surface pressure as low as 970 millibars, compared to … Grade 12 Support . Currents. Environ. The impact of tropical cyclones on developing countries can be very significant in terms of the detrimental aspects. “South Africa will not be immune or spared from the wrath of this cyclone. For a sufficiently strong storm, air may sink over a layer deep enough to suppress cloud formation, thereby creating a clear "eye".Weather in the eye is normally calm and free of clouds, although the sea may be extremely violent. South African farmers are not yet recording the flowering dates of their crops which makes it hard to repeat the study locally, but according to Fitchett, the threat is of concern. A large dam also burst, cutting off the last road into the city. Tropical cyclones that have hit South Africa According to the South African Weather Services, the effect of tropical cyclones in the country is between January and February. 5 Tropical Cyclones. © 2020 BBC. One reason is the smaller area of continents in Southern-Hemisphere mid-latitudes and subpolar regions. The city bore the brunt of the storm, which caused flooding, knocked down buildings and engulfed roads. This growth is actually related to the growth of jet stream disturbances, which we explained in Chapter 5. 2. The latest version of the GENESIS GCM (version 2.0.a), as well as its predecessor (version 1.02), are evaluated to assess whether version 2.0.a is an improvement over version 1.02 in terms of mid‐latitude cyclones. It is feared the situation could get worse in both Mozambique and Zimbabwe, with heavy rain set to continue. Impact of Tropical Cyclones [Note: This document was prepared by Horace H.P. 1. FAST MOVING and usually dont have too much precip associated with them because they are far from a moisture source Form along the southern coast where there is a thermal boundary between the warm ocean and cool land. The hospital has also been damaged. Effects of surface-based anticyclones include clearing skies as well as cooler, drier air. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Conventional Energy Sources and their Impact on the Environment. Covid-19 Cyber Wellness My Rights Proudly South African R-E-S-P-E-C-T Speak out . at least half the population has been affected, according to preliminary UN assessments. People and Places. But the worst of the flooding has been in Mozambique, with rivers flowing downstream from neighbouring countries. Version 1.02 does not simulate the full meridional gradient of cyclone central pressures, whereas version 2.0.a is a better representation of the observed data. Grade 12. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.5 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines explaining the weather conditions that will be experienced by a tourist visiting Cape Town with the approach of a cold front. Its geography, with parts of it lying below sea level, makes it vulnerable to extreme weather. GENESIS version 2.0.a is a considerable improvement over its predecessor in terms of mid‐latitude cyclones in the African region of the southern oceans. Here the warm air is forced to rise underneath the cool dense air. On the night of 14 to 15 March Tropical Cyclone Idai made landfall near Beira City, Sofala Province, in central Mozambique. For all grades … 6 south Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean midlatitude cyclonesAbstract Top of page Abstract REFERENCES The intense midlatitude cyclones that traverse the southern waters of the Indian Ocean, betw&position of youngest member of mid latitude cyclones in south africa In the Northern Hemisphere, cyclones move in a counterclockwise direction. 4 Mid-latitude Cyclones. A mid-latitude cyclone is a synoptic (large-scale) low pressure system that forms along weather fronts in Earth's mid-latitudes (usually between 30° and 60° latitude from the equator). Winter Rainfall Over South Western Cape. This paper examines the density, distribution and characteristics of mid‐latitude cyclones in the oceans south of Africa in the GENESIS general circulation model (GCM). Passing mid-latitude cyclones cause frontal rain over the South Western Cape in the winter rainfall area (Mediterranean area.). MID‐LATITUDE CYCLONES SOUTH OF AFRICA IN THE GENESIS GCM MID‐LATITUDE CYCLONES SOUTH OF AFRICA IN THE GENESIS GCM HUDSON, D. A.; HEWITSON, B. C. 1997-04-01 00:00:00 Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa email: hudson@hickory.egs.uct.ac.za Received 19 … Here's what we know so far about the impact of the cyclone. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. Similar behaviour was observed for mid-latitude cyclones along the south and east coasts of Australia (Church and Freeland, 1987, Griffin and Middleton, 1991, Taylor, 2009) and modelled for tropical cyclones on the northeast coast of Australia (Tang and Grimshaw, 1995). 3.6 Name TWO effects of mid-latitude cyclones on farming in the South-western Cape. In March and April 2019, Southern Africa was hit by two subsequent cyclones that left a trail of destruction in their path, and close to 2.2 million people in need urgent assistance in Mozambique alone. 17: 459–473, 1997. Mid-latitude cyclones are huge weather systems that occur most often during the winter season in the United States. The South African government should begin to urgently plan to deal with the impact of Category 5 storms resulting from an increase in the severity of cyclone activity in the Indian Ocean. Because of population growth, economic development, and technological change, world and mid-latitudes agriculture will look very different than they do today by … The storm made landfall near the port city of Beira in Mozambique's Sofala province on 14 March, packing winds of up to 177 km/h (106 mph) and bringing torrential rain. Description of general characteristics of mid-latitude cyclones If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, Warm Mozambique current. J. Climatol. - Air is hot and unstable - Sometimes when the inversion layer is above the escarpment light rain in the plateau region can be expected. The 2016-17 cyclone season in the south-western Indian Ocean got off to a slow start, and to date there have only been 3 named systems in the region, all of which have remained far from South Africa. Fog can also form overnight within a region of higher pressure. Idai was one of the worst tropical cyclones ever to hit Africa and the southern hemisphere. Introduction. Here's what we know so far about the impact of the cyclone. The circumpolar trough in version 1.02 is between 10 and 15 hPa too weak and it extends too far equatorward. Satellite image showing the approaching low-pressure system on Monday the 30th June 2008 (Image courtesy Eumetsat, 2008). 1 Changes in Energy balance. Poorer areas, made up of makeshift homes, in Beira and elsewhere have been particularly badly hit. In the continental U.S., these storms most often occur from late fall to early spring when the temperature contrast between warm and cold air masses is greatest. This paper examines the density, distribution and characteristics of mid-latitude cyclones in the oceans south of Africa in the GENESIS general circulation model (GCM). CLIMATE CHANGE AND MID-LATITUDES AGRICULTURE: PERSPECTIVES ON CONSEQUENCES AND POLICY RESPONSES PIERRE CROSSON Senior Fellow, Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20036, U.S.A.. Abstract. Cyclone Idai is reported to be the deadliest storm system so far this year — and may be the worst disaster ever to strike the southern hemisphere, according to the UN. 6 Subtropical anticyclones and the resultant weather over South Africa. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. Historical Event Review. The city continues to be completely inaccessible by road. The results show that version 1.02 does not simulate the full meridional sea‐level pressure range over the analysis window, whereas version 2.0.a is closer to that of the observed data. In Chimanimani and Chipinge districts, close to Zimbabwe's border with Mozambique, at least half the population has been affected, according to preliminary UN assessments. The warm air rises, cools, condenses and precipitates. 3 Tertiary Circulation. Chapter 10: Mid-latitude Cyclones Life Cycle of Cyclone Cyclone Structures Steering of Cyclone ESS5 Prof. Jin-Yi Yu Mid-Latitude Cyclones Mid-latitude cyclones form along a boundary separating polar air from warmer air to the south. In both versions, cyclone densities north of 55°S are higher than observed and the high cyclone density band around the pole in version 1.02 is poorly defined. includes characteristics definitions formation conditions stages associated weather effects … How does the mid-latitude cyclone form (for a longer description read pages 219-228) 1. The current flood zone is estimated to cover 3,000 sq km (1,200 sq miles). This study investigates changes in the frequency and timing of tropical cyclone landfalls over the south‐west Indian Ocean during the last 66 years. Mid-latitude Cyclones Thunderstorms Tornadoes Hurricanes Summary ... most states, mean that they will have significant impact on people and property when they come on shore. Aid groups are now struggling to reach survivors trapped in remote areas where villages were submerged. The mid-latitude cyclone is a synoptic scale low … The are two different types of cyclones in South Africa. Mid-latitude cyclones can bring severe weather across the entire US with one system. South Africa is affected by subtropical high pressure . The effects of springtime mid-latitude storms on trace gas composition determined from the MACC reanalysis, Atmos. FREE Tutor Support NSC Exam Timetables NSC Past Exam Papers & Memos Woza Matrics . The influence of mid-latitude cyclones on European background surface ozone . An automated cyclone finding program was used to identify cyclone centres. Many propagating cyclones form just north of 50°S latitude, and die just south. 3. (2 x 2) (4) 3.7 What will happen to ... approaching low-pressure system west of South Africa; and read the accompanying weather forecast before answering the questions that follow. assess better the impact of these cyclones on the ocean. Floods of up to six metres (19ft) deep have caused "incredible devastation" over a huge area in Mozambique, the World Food Programme (WFP) has said, with homes, roads and bridges washed away. On the night of 14 to 15 March Tropical Cyclone Idai made landfall near Beira City, Sofala Province, in central Mozambique. -Frontal depressions (Mid-latitude cyclones) - South African Bergwind - Coastal low pressure. The cyclone brought torrential rains and winds to The most ... south during winter and retreats northward during summer. Wave fronts form and move along the polar front in wavelike manner with precipitation forming a wide band ahead of the warm front and along a narrow band of the cold front. President Emmerson Mnangagwa has declared two days of national mourning. Large areas are under water . MIDLATITUDE CYCLONES AND UPPER-AIR DISTURBANCES. 2 Global air circulation. This program was applied to 5 years of twice daily GENESIS (versions 1.02 and 2.0.a) sea‐level pressure data, as well as to 10 years of a gridded assimilation of observed data for the winter season (June, July, August). The trough is captured better by version 2.0.a, probably due to its finer grid resolution (T31) compared with that of version 1.02 (R15 resolution). These systems receive their energy by warm and cold air masses interacting in a wave formation. 13.5), cyclones are more uniformly distributed in longitude and throughout the year, compared to the N. Hemisphere. position of youngest member of mid latitude cyclones in south africa; a gold mine at mara tanzania; north mara gold mine limited; semi autogenous cyclones; PRODUCTS. Usually have a lot of precip associated with them because they are so close to the ocean Learn about our remote access options, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa. But … Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe and Madagascar all suffered high levels of rainfall. Thousands were "stranded on rooftops, in trees and other elevated areas", said Unicef spokesperson Christophe Boulierac. When identifying mid-latitude cyclone centers and tracks from this new set of pres-sure fields, more low-pressure centers (5–10% depending on the season), ... Midlatitude cyclones initiated east of South Beira airport, which was partially damaged by the storm and temporarily shut, has reopened and is operating as the relief operations hub. How do anticyclones affect SA's weather in winter? Tracks and surface fluxes Xiaojun Yuan,1 Je´roˆme Patoux,2 and Cuihua Li1 Received 29 July 2008; revised 24 November 2008; accepted 16 December 2008; published 19 February 2009. 4 Mid-latitude Cyclones. Start studying Geography - Mid Latitude Cyclone and Tropical Cyclones. After the storm smashed into central Mozambique, it hit eastern Zimbabwe. From polar front theory, we know that in the mid-latitudes there is a boundary between cold dry (cP) air to the north and warm moist (mT) air to the south . .css-1xgx53b-Link{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#FFFFFF;}.css-1xgx53b-Link:hover,.css-1xgx53b-Link:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}Read about our approach to external linking. c The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Received 12 December 2003 Revised 17 March 2004 Accepted 25 March 2004 ABSTRACT The intense mid-latitude cyclones that traverse the southern waters of the Indian Ocean, between South Africa and Hundreds of people have been killed and hundreds of thousands more have been affected by what the UN says could be "one of the worst weather-related disasters ever to hit the southern hemisphere". Coding and Robotics . Burton and Selvin DeC. Burton of the Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology for storm surge mapping workshops held in Antigua and Barbados in November 1999.]. ©1997 by the Royal Meteorological Society. This paper examines the density, distribution and characteristics of mid‐latitude cyclones in the oceans south of Africa in the GENESIS general circulation model (GCM). Winds reached up to 177 km/h (106 mph) and heavy rainfall caused disastrous flooding across a number of countries. 1.3.4 What causes the dissipation of mid-latitude cyclones? The southwestern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate, with hot dry summers and cool wet winters. The latest version of the GENESIS GCM (version 2.0.a), as well as its predecessor (version 1.02), are evaluated to assess whether version 2.0.a is an improvement over version 1.02 in terms of mid-latitude cyclones. SOLUTIONS . … - When it is winter in the Southern hemisphere, the sun is directly overhead in the Northern hemisphere, which causes the heat distribution and pressure belts to shift northwards. Page 8 of 47 Impact of Mid latitude cyclones on human activities and the environment Impact on human activities Impact on the environment Positive: Provide rain for Agriculture Increases profit Snow attracts tourists Positive: Vegetation and Animals benefit Negative: Cold conditions and flooding can cause loss of life. What causes midlatitude cyclones to grow over time? (4 x 2) (8) Working off-campus? (In the Southern Hemisphere, cyclones are clockwise.) February 15, 2017 Fig. The storm first struck Beira - Mozambique's fourth-largest city and a port that sits on the mouth of the River Pungwe. Mid-latitude Cyclones are also known as Extratropical and Frontal Cyclones, they form in areas between 30°N/S and 60°N/S in the Ferral cell. Xinhai mineral processing equipment mainly include: grinding equipment, flotation equipment, dewatering equipment, magnetic separation equipment, and so on. It formed off the eastern coast of Mozambique in early March and hit the country's coast a first time before heading back out into the Mozambique Channel. Approximate locations of air To understand this process, look at the upper-level wind and pressure map in Figure 6.12. Development of these cyclones often involves a warm front from the south meeting a cold front from the north. It intensified, weakened and intensified again before hitting the Mozambique coast for a second time on 14 March. The eastern districts of Buhera, Bikita, Chikomba, Gutu, Mutasa and Mutare have also sustained damage and people have been forced from their homes. There are two types of cyclones: middle latitude (mid-latitude) cyclones and tropical cyclones. Grade 12. (2 x 2) (4) ... (Figure 2.3), showing the position of an approaching low-pressure system west of South Africa; and read the accompanying weather forecast before answering the questions that follow. At the center of a mature tropical cyclone, air sinks rather than rises. .css-14iz86j-BoldText{font-weight:bold;}Rescue workers are continuing the search for survivors of Cyclone Idai, which swept through Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe last week, destroying towns and villages in its path. EdBuddies . B. The attention will only be paid on the mid-latitude. Parts of southern Africa have been left devastated after Cyclone Idai swept through Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe, destroying towns and villages in its path. In March and April 2019, Southern Africa was hit by two subsequent cyclones that left a trail of destruction in their path, and close to 2.2 million people in need urgent assistance in Mozambique alone. 3 Tertiary Circulation. This paper examines the density, distribution and characteristics of mid-latitude cyclones in the oceans south of Africa in the GENESIS general circulation model (GCM). Cold benguela current. Read about our approach to external linking. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: South Atlantic Ocean cyclogenesis climatology simulated by regional climate model (RegCM3), https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199704)17:5<459::AID-JOC147>3.0.CO;2-R. The first part of this article reviews the impact of the two main modes of natural climate variability on South Pacific tropical cyclone activity: intraseasonal (30–60 days) and interannual (3–7 years) variability as these modes are well resolved since reliable observations of tropical cyclones began in 1970s. .css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link{color:inherit;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:focus,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:focus{color:#B80000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link::after,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:2;}Cyclone Idai devastation in pictures, Cyclone Idai: The hotel manager providing a safe haven in Zimbabwe, Cyclone Idai: Flying over flooded Mozambique. In mid-March 2019, a devastating cyclone tore through Madagascar, Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe, killing hundreds of people so far and causing massive flooding. Only tropical cyclones moving into the Mozambique channel influence South Africa's weather. The cold fronts reach South Africa mostly in winter when all the pressure belts and wind systems move slightly north. Mid-latitude or frontal cyclones are large traveling atmospheric cyclonic storms up to 2000 kilometers in diameter with centers of low atmospheric pressure. 2. a Time-latitude section of the observed zonal mean 200 hPa height anomalies smoothed with 5-month running average (contour lines are ±80, ±40, ±20, ±10 and 0 m).b Time series of SSTA in the NINO3 region (5°N–5°S, 150°W–90°W) from 1979 to 2010. Dozens of people have been killed and 200,000 affected. Roads and bridges have collapsed and homes destroyed. What are the characteristics of the Kalahari High Pressure. - Anticlockwise circulation cause onshore north-easterly winds blowing over South Africa's east coast. The latest version of the GENESIS GCM (version 2.0.a), as well as its predecessor (version 1.02), are evaluated to assess whether version 2.0.a is an improvement over version 1.02 in terms of mid-latitude cyclones. Air force personnel from Mozambique and South Africa have also been drafted in to fly rescue missions and distribute aid while roads are out of action. 2. Int. Energy Management in South Africa. These low pressure areas pop up easily during winter because of the large temperature difference between the equator and the North Pole. (2 x 2) (4) 2.2 Describe the environmental impact this mid-latitude cyclone might have in all the affected regions. I am learning I can do this I am a pro . Chimanimani has suffered 90% damage, aid agencies say, with the Nyahode river bursting its banks and flooding large areas. Tropical cyclone Dineo – a CAT 1 storm – just off the coast of Mozambique on 15 February 2017. Climate and Weather. They are sometimes called temperate cyclones, extra-tropical cyclones, mid-latitude cyclones, frontal depressions or wave cyclones. In addition to an expected increase in storminess and flooding impact (Vitousek et al 2017), more common Tropical Cyclones and South Atlantic events have the potential to change considerably the equilibrium state of the Senegal sandy coast and by extension probably the entire West African coast with a likely destabilization of the coastal alignment (Anthony et al 1995; Harley et al 2015). Energy Management in South Africa. Chem ... impact of stratospheric intrusions and long-range transport on surface air quality, Atmos. This paper examines the density, distribution and characteristics of mid-latitude cyclones in the oceans south of Africa in the GENESIS general circulation model (GCM). Cyclone Irina remains a threat to the KwaZulu-Natal coast, police and disaster services said on Sunday. The latest version of the GENESIS GCM (version 2.0.a), as well as its predecessor (version 1.02), are evaluated to assess whether version 2.0.a is an improvement over version 1.02 in terms of midlatitude cyclones. MID‐LATITUDE CYCLONES SOUTH OF AFRICA IN THE GENESIS GCM MID‐LATITUDE CYCLONES SOUTH OF AFRICA IN THE GENESIS GCM HUDSON, D. A.; HEWITSON, B. C. 1997-04-01 00:00:00 Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa email: hudson@hickory.egs.uct.ac.za Received 19 July 1995 Revised 20 September … Aid staff who flew over the area have spoken of "inland oceans extending for miles and miles". Learn more. *ANTICYCLONES* *South Atlantic high pressure cell* - causes cool, dry winds to blow onto south western cape. 1 Processes and Spatial Patterns. 2 Global air circulation. Data on the impact of cyclones were compiled using two methods, a historical review of cyclone events and a systematic literature review of publications relating to the human impacts of cyclones. Tropical cyclones are also known as hurricanes. The storm made landfall near the port city of Beira in Mozambique's Sofala … In the last decade, consensus has started to grow on how atmospheric circulation will respond to global warming [].On average, climate projections from multi-model ensembles indicate an overall poleward shift of the mid-latitude westerlies [], associated with a poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation [], and a reduction in the number of extratropical cyclones [4, 5]. Mid-latitude cyclones are the main cause of winter storms in the middle latitudes. 5 Tropical Cyclones. 2. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, Dynamics of The Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans, Meteorological Measurements and Instrumentation, Fluid Dynamics of the Mid-Latitude Atmosphere, Time Series Analysis in Meteorology and Climatology: An Introduction, The Atmosphere and Ocean: A Physical Introduction, 3rd Edition, Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society Special Collections, Meteorological Applications Special Collections, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use. The weather system was likely to remain over … The area close to the River Buzi west of Beira has been particularly hard-hit. Damages caused to houses. On the key influence of remote climate variability from Tropical Cyclones, North and South Atlantic mid-latitude storms on the Senegalese coast (West Africa) July 2019 DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ab2ec6 The system is made up of a cold front and a warm front. 1 Changes in Energy balance. The cyclones that hit southern Mozambique cause heavy rain and flooding in Limpopo. Both versions exhibit greater variability in the sea‐level pressure field compared with the observed data. In the Southern Hemisphere (Fig. Discrepancies between the two versions, and the model and observed data, have been related to factors such as grid resolutions, topography, heat transport and sea‐ice extent. Eline brought extreme rainfall and flooding to parts of eastern Limpopo and Mpumalanga, causing hundreds of millions of rand in damage and killing 21 people in South Africa alone. Although occasional tropical cyclones travel further south, as did TC Alby in 1978 (Fandry et al., 1984), their relative infrequency means that they are rarely used to define design wind or wave criteria south of 25°S latitude. Flooding is the most prevalent disaster in North Africa, the second most common in East, South and Central Africa, and the third most common in West Africa (AWDR, 2006). Climate and Weather. The latest version of the GENESIS GCM (version 2.0.a), as well as its predecessor (version 1.02), are evaluated to assess whether version 2.0.a is an improvement over version 1.02 in terms of midlatitude cyclones. This paper examines the density, distribution and characteristics of mid-latitude cyclones in the oceans south of Africa in the GENESIS general circulation model (GCM). The WFP believes 1.7 million people in the country will eventually need help as a result of the disaster. 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