a. A precautionary motive for holding excess cash is . The precautionary amount of cash to be kept depends upon the predictability of cash flows. Some firms hold cash in excess than transaction and precautionary needs to involve in speculation. Motives for Holding Cash: The firm’s needs for cash may be attributed to the following needs: Transactions motive, Precautionary motive and Speculative motive. Motives for Holding: Cash There are some motives for holding cash. In the first part of this paper, we will begin by looking at the extent of cash holdings at publicly traded firms and some of the motives for the cash accumulation. If cash flows can be predicted with accuracy, less cash will be maintained against an emergency. (2003) show that firms in countries with poor shareholder protection hold more cash than those in countries with good shareholder protection. Which of the following is the least important? Give examples of the advantages + disadvantages of holding cash. Keynes has taken the transaction and precautionary demands for money together, as they both are income determined. Idle cash. However, crisis periods can severely affect firms' precautionary motive. Cash buffers created by firms faced with stricter EPLs help them mitigate the underinvestment problem in subsequent episodes of industry-wide distress. What Are Three Types Of Motives? Motives for holding money: This includes keeping money in form of cash (at home under the mattress) or held as bank deposits. Some people are of the view that a business requires cash only for the first two motives while others feel that speculative motive also remains. The Speculative Motive. To enable a company to avail itself of a special inventory purchase before prices rise to higher levels. A firm should maintain larger cash balance than required for day to day transactions in order to avoid any unforeseen situation arising because of insufficient cash. A high fluctuation in cash flows and prevailing uncertainty in the market lead the firms to hold excess cash in their portfolio holdings which explains the precautionary motives of a firm; however, Jenson (1986) associated agency cost with holding too much cash. 1. 3. Academic research found that these transaction and precautionary motives predominate at lower levels of cash, and so an increase in cash levels is … Hence choice letter d is correct 3 a precautionary School University of Phoenix; Course Title ACC 281; Type. Under transaction motive, holding of money is very convenient and value of money, in terms of other goods, is relatively certain. The excess or idle cash should properly be invested in order to earn profit. To enable a company to meet the cash demands from the normal flow of business activity. c. To enable a company to have cash to meet emergencies that may arise periodically. A firm may have to face emergencies such as strikes and lock-up from employees, increase in the cost of raw materials, funds and labour, fall in market demand and so on. ADVERTISEMENTS: This type of demand for money is also determined by income and the general level of business activity. Precautionary cash balance is also maintained to meet the non-routine needs. advantage: speculative motives, precautionary, disadvantage: transaction, trade-off, idle cash. Both papers argue that there are economies of scale in cash holdings. To enable a company to avail itself of a special inventory purchase before prices rise to higher levels. This requires companies to carry cash balances as a precautionary motive. Precautionary motive – hold cash in case of emergencies What is needed to satisfy the speculative and precautionary motives is an ability to pay quickly – a need that is met with liquidity. Motives for Holding Cash: Keynes has identified three motives for holding cash: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. The agency theory that describes how the firm owner’s motives for holding cash differ from the firm manager’s motives is credited to Jensen (1986). To enable a company to meet the cash demands from the normal flow of business activity. 2. The Transactions Motive; 2. b. However, under precautionary motive, holding of money depends on the degree of uncertainty i.e. There are numerous options to invest cash in short-term financial instruments. Consistent with this precautionary motive, the market's valuation of excess cash is positively associated with the EPL strictness. Peoples hold money/ cash for the three (3) following reasons or motives. T/F . This is called as precautionary motive of holding cash balance. Test Prep. The precautionary motive theory for holding cash predicts that firms hoard internal funds to finance possible future investment projects in order to avoid a possible shortage of external funds and to prevent sales and investment oppor-tunity shocks. The desire to keep extra money in case an unforeseen situation requires a capital outlay.For example, one may wish to save extra money to pay for medical bills in case of an accident. Uploaded By amitydauntless. Transaction Motive Peoples keep cash for the transaction motive. In case of transaction motive, money is held for ordinary transactions, while under precautionary motive, cash is kept to meet unforeseen transactions. c. To enable a company to have cash to meet emergencies that may arise periodically. The speculative motive refers to the need to hold cash in order to be able to take advantage of bargain purchases that might arise, attractive interest rates and favorable exchange rate fluctuations. A precautionary motive for holding excess cash is a. According to Keynes, we hold money for three purposes: 1) Transaction motive: It is the amount of money held by us for everyday transactions, like paying for a cup of coffee, or to pay at a place where only cash is accepted. It is a key component of a company’s financial stability and solvency. If the argument above is true, financing frictions and accumulation of cash should not only be positively related but also its variation across firms should be associated with differences in expected financing frictions. Another reason firms may hold cash is the precautionary motive. Precautionary Motive : Holding up of cash balance in order to take care of contingencies and unforeseen circumstances is known as precautionary motive. Precautionary Motive Apart from the non-synchronization of anticipated cash flows in the ordinary course of business, the firm may require cash for the payment of unexpected disbursements. Cash management means optimal cash maintain in a business. According to John Maynard Keynes, people keep savings accounts, as well as some stocks and commodities, with a precautionary motive in order to cover unexpected events. Firms hold cash to meet uncertainties, emergencies, running out of cash and fluctuations in cash balances. It provides a cushion or buffer to withstand some unexpected emergency. In the terminology of Mayer (2013), accumulation of cash … c. To enable a company to have cash to meet emergencies that may arise periodically. In a narrow sense, it is broadly to cover currency and ge Contrary to the precautionary savings motive, risky security investments are concentrated in firms traditionally thought to have a high demand for precautionary savings such as firms in the technology or health industries, firms with volatile cash flows, or firms with high Tobin’s Q. Some hold cash to meet operating needs whereas others keep cash on hand to weather financial crises or take advantage of investment opportunities. When a corporation designs an investment strategy for investing temporary excess cash balances in marketable securities, it must consider a variety of factors. In addition to requirement of cash for regular transactions, the company may require the cash for such purposes which cannot be estimated or foreseen. The agency motive of cash holding predicts that managers tend to hold excess cash, which will destroy shareholder value. MOTIVES FOR HOLDING CASH Homework Help, MOTIVES FOR HOLDING CASH Finance Assignment, MOTIVES FOR HOLDING CASH Finance Homework and Project of financial management MOTIVES FOR HOLDING CASH The term 'cash' with reference to cash management is used in two senses. To enable a company to avail itself of a special inventory purchase before prices rise to higher levels. cash simply for daily transactions. b. 1. Dittmar, Mahrt‐Smith, and Servaes (2003) find cross‐country evidence suggesting that firms hold more cash in countries with greater agency problems. In the case of precautionary motives, a company will hold cash to meet unexpected contingencies. Withdrawing excess-cash can be in fact costly for the insider because it sends a signal to the outsiders of her limited commitment or, worse, insider information about poor firm prospects. Lets explain the motives for holding money. As long as individuals and business firms have an easy access to ready cash, the precautionary motive to hold money will be relatively weak. In line with this view, Dittmar et al. The transaction motive, thus, refers to the holding of cash to meet anticipated obligations whose timing is not perfectly synchronised with cash receipts. For the purpose of this work, only the latter is of importance. b. The precautionary motive for holding cash is based on the need to maintain sufficient cash to act as a cushion or buffer against unexpected events. The precautionary motive is the need to hold cash to meet any contingencies in future. To enable a company to meet the cash demands from the normal flow of business activity. Contrary if the cash is taken deficit position them the liquidity crises exists. There are two main reasons why firms find it beneficial to hold cash: precautionary motive and repatriation taxes.2 The first motive is very simple: Firms hold cash and equivalent liquid assets because they provide the flexibility that firms need in their transactions. Both motives are based on a very similar principle but while the ‘income-motive’ deals with an individual’s cash holding behaviour, the ‘business-motive’ describes an enterprise’s motives. Transactional motives would indicate that the company holds cash to meet expenditures that are common to the firm’s activities. The precautionary motive for holding cash thus arises when firms have limited financing or hedging opportunities due to imperfect capital and insurance markets. If an excess is taken in a business, it is harmful because it does not grow profit. Precautionary motive refers to hold cash as a safety margin to act as a financial reserve. Hence choice letter d is correct 3 A precautionary motive for holding excess. Mulligan (1997) ar gues in favor of a transaction motive in which firms’ cash holdings are based on its activity, technological sophis tication, and opportunity costs. Two factors interact directly with this proposed explanation: uncertainty and credit constraints. transaction cost and a precautionary motive for holding cash that have since been formalized. A precautionary motive for holding excess cash is a. The precautionary motive theory for holding cash predicts that firms hoard internal funds to finance possible future investment projects in order to avoid a possible shortage of external funds and to prevent sales and investment opportunity shocks. Precautionary motive Precautionary motive is a motive for holding cash/near-cash as a cushion t meet unexpected contingencies/demand for cash. Although cash is the most liquid asset, assets such as marketable securities are near substitutes for cash. Generally, cash required for precautionary motive is held in the form of short-term securities with the objective to earn atleast some positive return. Speculative Motive. The Precautionary Motive; and . However, crisis periods can severely affect firms’ precautionary motive. Cash is necessary for funding operations but excess cash is a missed opportunity to earn interest. These discretionary cash holdings are typically estimated as the excess cash holdings derived from models controlling for the transaction and precautionary motives for holding cash. ADVERTISEMENTS: These motives are discussed as follows: 1. 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