role of soil science in sustainable agriculture

All our food needs good soil to grow in. The science of soil has played and continues to plays a key role for the improvements and understanding of soil and its function in the global ecosystem for sustainable economic development. A. Ayantunde, A. J. Duncan, M. T. van Wijk, P. Thorne Soil science, as a subdiscipline of the science and technology of agriculture, has played a modest role in agricultural development in East Africa, particularly in the field of crop production. 43, No. (1992). Importance of soil to agriculture. This has emphasize that if we do not join hands to protect, manage, conserve and restore soils properly, the multifunctional roles of soil science to crop productions would not provide a satisfactions of human needs in Sub-Saharan Africa. It can be based on an understanding of ecosystem services.There are many methods to increase the sustainability of agriculture. The variety of fruits, forest timbers and vegetables are used by many industries in the productions of wood materials, juices, medicines etc. The most affected countries of the region include; Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan and Togo. This could mean that the wealth of Sub-Saharan African nations depends on their ability to sustainably conserve and manage soil resources. However, the wider benefits of soil biodiversity have been largely ignored by traditional and conventional agriculture in Africa. Agricultural education programmes give the added advantage of the opportunity to see or know how it is done, that is, the practical aspect of soil analysis, maintenance and improvement of its fertility, the production, preservation and processing aspects of animal and crop sciences… (2014) noted that the future of soil science depends on the continent’s distinct characteristics: Its high concentrations of poor farmers using poor agronomic tools to work soils dominated by low inherent fertility in support of national economies. (2014) critically observed that much time and funds have been lost as a consequence of poor consideration of soil resource information in agricultural research and extension planning and implementation during the last 50 years. They are particularly useful in converting vast renewable resources from rangeland, pasture, and crop residues or other by-products into food edible for humans. The fully decomposed materials add organic matter to the soil and enhance soil quality and soil fertility for high and economic crop yield production (Li et al., 2014). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic. They live in plant roots and trash, digging and loosening the soil and use it as a nest. Economic environment for crop production: Soil served as a potential environment for growth and development of all kinds of crops and plants. The water quality, land quality, forest quality, animal and environmental qualities are factors, which must be maintained for better livelihoods of Sub-Saharan citizens (Lal, 1998). And, also could be part of most effective means for integrating economic, social, political and environmental objectives in reducing poverty and hunger (DFID., 2000). 2063-2113. Soil science provides support to crop production, raw materials to million industries, water quality for biota, animal and human survival, recycling of abundant dead materials, landscaping for engineering and research purposes, foreign exchange for national income and accommodation for animal and human interactions. This function of soil is of utmost important to all Sub-Saharan African countries. World Agroforestry (ICRAF) is a centre of science and development excellence that harnesses the benefits of trees for people and the environment. Sustainable agricultural practices are intended to protect the environment, expand the Earth’s natural resource base, and maintain and improve soil fertility. Role of Soil Organic Matter in Maintaining Sustainability of Cropping Systems. The soil is the best natural resource available to us. Karlen et al. It can be based on an understanding of ecosystem services. Their protection is of the utmost importance to ensure the future of agri-food systems and the provision of key ecosystem services. Agricultural soil science follows the holistic method. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis: Vol. Abstract. Poverty and hunger, soil degradation and decline soil quality are increasingly alarming in the region. To meet the demand, agriculture practices are using intensive amounts of chemical-based fertilizers and pesticides, which ultimately leads to land degradation and biodiversity loss. Soil plays an important role in farm ecosystem by providing nutrients essential for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops. Soils science is essential to understanding the conditions that affect and support life on Earth: This will continue to be a long term debates because of the relationship that always exist between sustainable development and other components of human life-economic, social, political and environment (DESA., 2013). 23, Soil Testing and Plant Analysis in … The soils under natural vegetation normally support the population of organisms and soil animals in an active biological activity. This module acquaints you with various aspects of agriculture and the role of fertilizers in agriculture. E-mail: tnogeire@gmail.com. The use of these organic amendments can improve the growth of plants in a range of ways; number of leaves, seed germination, root biomass, fruit abundance, number of seeds, and overall yield. The interactions between soil environment and variety of wild-animals as well as reared cattle have resulted in many economic benefits between one country to another and between Sub-Saharan Africa to other continents. Their cultural background differs with significant variation in languages, religion, norms, values and behaviors. Agriculture often places significant pressure on natural resources and the environment. these crops are exported from Sub-Saharan Africa to many regions in the world for economic development. Soil Science. Sub-Saharan Africa: The concerned region is a substantial part of Africa where millions of people live in the rural areas, geographically, located South of the Saharan desert. Soil is the basis of all production systems in agriculture, forestry and fishery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the visual soil assessment (VSA) method by testing it on two soil types and two agricultural management practices (AMP) (organic and integrated) that are considered to protect soil quality. The role of soil testing and plant analysis in sustainable agriculture. Sustain. We thank the European Geosciences Union for supporting the session on Soil Management for Sustainable Agro-Food Systems at the General Assembly in April 2011, all the reviewers for their timely reports and constructive comments, and the staff of Editorial Office of Applied and Environmental Soil Science for their assistance throughout this project. These served as an important source of revenue, job creation and industrial developments to many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Vital roles of soil science for an economic development: Soil and soil functional services are backbone of agricultural economic development in Sub-Saharan, Africa ( Kalpage, 1976; Okigbo, 1991; Hartemink, 2006a). Essentially, soil plays a key role in the entire crop production systems (Zachar, 1982). In recent years the importance of sustainable agriculture has risen to become one of the most important issues in agriculture. The soil science discipline can become more effective in Sub-Saharan Africa (Bouma, 2014). Millions of people in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa live below the poverty line and more than half of them are extremely needy (Ehui and Pender, 2005). Scow is also Chair of the International Agricultural Development Graduate Group. Sustainable agriculture is farming in sustainable ways, which means meeting society's present food and textile needs, without compromising the ability for current or future generations to meet their needs. The biota (micro and macro-organisms) depends fully on soil for their basic needs and survival: air, water, food and shelter (Coleman, 2001; Barrios, 2007). The summary of diverse opinions presented by some members of the International Union of Soil Science (IUSS) is outline below (Hartemink, 2006a): The above broad sets of opinions could be remarkable in addressing many issues related to sustainability and renewability of crop production for economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijss.2016.61.70, Relationship between soil, sustainable crop production and economic development, Reconnecting the knowledge chain, linking tacit with scientific knowledge both ways, Learning to deal with wicked environmental problems for which no single solutions exist but only a series of alternative options for action, balancing economic, social and environmental considerations, Educating knowledge brokers, linking science with society in land-related issues, acting within a Community of scientific practice. Over decades of science and practice, several key sustainable farming practices have emerged—for example: Rotating crops and embracing diversity. Soils are a multifaceted and dynamic natural resource that support plant growth and affect water and air quality. ... soil. This ground water is useful for various human economic benefits. They also serve as machinery that helps to decompose and transform various organic materials in the production of bio-organic fertilizers (Li et al., 2014). In addition, plant diseases continue to play a major limiting role in agricultural production. towards soils with higher soil organic matter will actually lead to healthier soils (Castro and Hartz, 2016), there is an ongoing debate over the role of soil health management in science-based agriculture. This does not only mean to increase food production but also to minimize hunger, poverty and social crises. The meaning of sustainable economic development entails (Greenland and Szabolcs, 1993): Management and conservation of the natural resources base and the orientation of technological and institutional changes in such a manner, as to ensure the attainment and continued satisfaction of human needs for the present and future generation. Leveraging the world’s largest repository of agroforestry science and information, we develop knowledge practices, from farmers’ fields to the global sphere, to ensure food security and environmental sustainability...read more, Transforming lives and landscapes with trees, © 2020 World Agroforestry All rights reserved. . Planting a variety of crops can have many benefits, including healthier soil and improved pest control. Globally, the contributions of soil scientists regarding this idea have been forwarded and edited by Hartemink (2006b). Soil biodiversity constitutes an important part of the terrestrial food web and plays a major role in sustainable agriculture. Soil science, sustainable crop production and economic development: The multifunctional services of soil science as an answer to sustainability and renewability of crop production for the economic development of Sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be determined, by the combined influences of soil properties, soil quality and soil management (Brady and Weil, 2007). Nevertheless, it is the aims of the World Economic (WE) and Social Survey (SS), 2013 to make sure that any contribution towards the considerations on sustainable development focus on three important issues, which are: sustainable cities, food security and energy transformation (DESA., 2013). Home for animal interactions: Soil provides numerous important services to animals living in forests, deserts and vegetation areas. Soil is investigated in relation to and as integral part of terrestrial ecosystems but is also recognized as a manageable natural resource. It also improves the nutritional quality of crops by increasing sugar, oil and protein compounds. Soils are essential to life on Earth. A review Christos Dordas To cite this version: Christos Dordas. Therefore, the rational of soil science for the sustainable crop production would undoubtedly provide huge opportunities to Sub-Saharan African’s economic developments (Greenland, 1991; Bouma, 2001; Bekunda, 2006). Since 1994, when the first edition of this Special Reference Brief was compiled, \"sustainability\" has become a more familiar term. (2011), meeting this demand would means requiring about 175-220 million ha of additional cropland, globally. As a result, these plants produce important needs … Permaculture. In recent years the importance of sustainable agriculture has risen to become one of the most important issues in agriculture. Italian Society of Soil Science School of Soil Biodiversity and Bioindication XII cycle SOIL MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY IN THE ERA OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE INTENSIFICATION Faculty of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy 16 – 18 JUNE 2020 FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT SCHOOL TOPIC AND AIMS In spite of the emergency created by … Crop production depends fully on quality of soil and its fertility (Lal, 1998). The goal of achieving a sustainable planet, one that will accommodate the basic needs of its present inhabitants while preserving the resources that will enable future generations to flourish, has gained increasing acceptance. The Sub-Saharan African export trades depend largely on crops that grown on soils: Cowpea, coco, tobacco, tea, rice, wheat, maize, cotton etc. The results focus on farmers becoming sustainable soil managers and the role of science in this transition. These organisms interact with one another and with variety of living and non-living materials to improve soil quality, soil fertility and soil health for economic development of crop productions (Coleman, 2008; Castro-Huerta et al., 2015). Consequently, soil science can be considered a key to sustainable crop production for economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Besides, it would also provide an opportunity for export and trade communication within and outside Africa, reduce poverty and hunger and creates many jobs opening for the growing population. Sustainable agriculture practices. Previously, considerable researches have the same views, which indicate how soil science is a major player in world economic development (Greenland, 1991; Sanchez, 2002; Frossard, 2006; Bouma, 2014). One of the imperative ways to achieve this is by supporting soil-crop researches for reliable, detectable, accurate and quantitative soil information. Soil science provides support to crop production, raw materials to million industries, water quality for biota, animal and human survival, recycling of abundant dead materials, landscaping for engineering and research purposes, foreign exchange for national income … A review. The value of soil must be recognized and considered in all aspects of global economic developments. The role of soil microorganisms in sustainable agriculture has been over­ looked largely in most conceptual discussions. Soil and land are bare, vegetation is poor while drought, soil erosion, desertification and declined in soil quality, soil fertility and crop production are serious and alarming (Eswaran et al., 2001). Recognition of the role of soil biodiversity in agricultural and educational policies and adoption of multi-sectoral approaches could improve its sustainable management in Africa. The concepts of inheritance and Mendelian genetics were soon to follow in 1865 and subsequently stimulated the biological basis for modern agriculture. Microbes are the integral component of any agricultural soil, playing a vital role in regulating the bioavailability of nutrients, the tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and management of seed-borneand soil-borne plant diseases. There are many views and contributions on the theme. This would undoubtedly help to increase food security and proper energy transformation for the millions rural people living in Sub-Saharan Africa. Generally, there is significant population increase and demand for food, water and shelter in the entire Sub-Saharan African nations (DESA., 2013). Therefore, soil science as a disciplinary of science could be regarded as one of the key components that play role towards achieving sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, soil science will undoubtedly plays an increasingly important role in answering substantial part of the questions related to sustainable economic developments in Sub-Saharan Africa due to continuous demand for agricultural lands, globally (UNCCD., 2012). In addition, plant diseases continue to play a major limiting role in agricultural production. The analysis provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that agricultural intensification negatively impacts on soil biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Based on a multi-pronged goal, sustainable agriculture seeks to: Increase profitable farm income Soil is the most important economic industry for the millions of people in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. Some worked in fadama areas under irrigation system, some in dryland for rainy season cultivations and still many others in forest and through commercial production. Soil science: Role, challenges and gaps in future: There have been several developments in the past decades regarding the role and challenges of soil science in future (Hartemink, 2006b). Store house of water supply: Soil store large amount of water between and within the network of pores of various sizes as well as within and around the various horizons of soil profile. It is the pedosphere environment, where, four entities (Brady and Weil, 2007): Atmosphere (world of air, gases), hydrosphere (world of water-oceans and seas), lithosphere (world of rocks and mountains) and biosphere (world of living organisms) interact and communicate for the benefits of global ecosystem, crop production and human developments. Thus, soil provides a source of energy and functional support for economic development in crop production systems. Soil biodiversity constitutes an important part of the terrestrial food web and plays a major role in sustainable agriculture. They are particularly useful in converting vast renewable resources from rangeland, pasture, and crop residues or other by-products into food edible for humans. Soil environments support these animals with abundant of feeding materials, drinking water and shelter. Soil accommodates diverse living organisms: Bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, yeast and algae; earthworms, termites and arthropods; protozoa and nematodes (Ritz et al., 2010). These are substantial part of soil processes: Physical, chemical, biological and ecological that control the overall systems in soil formation and soil conditions (Jenny, 2009). These provided a sound knowledge that soil is vital to people for various economic opportunities. Soil science provides reliable and adequate information for economic development through these studies. Recycling of dead materials: Soil serve as natural mechanism that recycle and transform abundant of materials in the global ecosystem. While agriculture has historically been a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, Dr. Lal demonstrated the critical role of soil in ensuring a climate-resilient future. Scientists have found that in-depth research is needed to unravel the complex nature of soils as well as their impact on Earth’s ecosystems. The book covers the latest research on biofertilizers, ranging from beneficial fungal, bacterial and algal inoculants; to microbes for bioremediation, wastewater treatment; and recycling of biodegradable municipal, agricultural and industrial waste; as well as biocontrol agents and bio-pesticides. Sustainable agricultural practices are intended to protect the environment, expand the Earth’s natural resource base, and maintain and improve soil fertility. International Symposium on Food Safety and Quality: Applications of Nuclear and Related Techniques, Vienna, Austria, 10-13 November 2014 Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission Abdalah Kileo,Simon L C Mdoe,Alan E Waltar & Iddi S N Mkilaha. Sustainable agriculture needs science and innovation, but science needs our support. Soils are the most important economic environment that we have for ensuring foods, raw materials, industrial developments and sustainable livelihoods of millions Sub-Saharan African people. Agriculture that covered all components of agronomic productions depends fully on soil and its quality (Brady and Weil, 2007). Importance of Soils Managing the land according to sustainable agricultural practices is vital to counteracting the erosion and nutrient loss that can harm or destroy soil’s quality and effectiveness. This could offers an enormous opportunity to diminish hunger and poverty, improves crop production, vegetation quality and biological heritage. Thus, soil could be refers to as production, promotion and distribution of essential services needed for the sustainable crop production in Sub-Saharan Africa. THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Sustainable agriculture means the production of food from plants or animals using different agricultural techniques that protect communities, the environment, and animal welfare. Understanding about topsoil formation and conservation is then related to sustainable agriculture and carbon sequestration and its importance in mitigating climate change. The topsoil which is desirable for the growth of plants is eroded because of human activities like making of homes, roads, buildings and city expansions. The Role of Urban Agriculture in a Secure, Healthy, and Sustainable Food System Theresa Nogeire-McRae, Theresa Nogeire-McRae Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University . Fertile soil aids the growth of plants. Role of nutrients in controlling plant diseases in sustainable agriculture. They tell us whether the soil has the potential to store enough water to keep plants growing through a drought, to resist a flood, and to provide a right condition of chemical nutrients to plant so that the crops will grow healthy for economic development (Levine, 2001). Despite this contribution in the field of soil science, there is however, some contradiction opinions that achieving sustainable economic development in any form requires integration of ideas from different perspectives (DFID., 2000). It also plays a larger role in the health of a watershed or regional eco-system by combating erosion or nutrient pollution in our streams and rivers. The sustainability of crop production is of great challenges to soil and crop scientists and of course a task to governments of Sub-Saharan Africa. Soils having micro-pores hold water very tightly whereas those soils having larger pores (macro) hold their water loosely (Johnson, 1991). He is considered one of the founding and premier scientists in the world in sustainable and organic agricultural research, as evidenced by his more than 200 scientific publications, some of which have been published in Science, Nature, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), Scientific American, and other land-use and soil science journals. We all know that soil is a key element of agriculture. However, in recent years there has been a remarkable increase in human population in most part of the Sub-Saharan African region. Soil science integrates scientific principles from physics, biology, and chemistry to elucidate how soils provide these essential services.Soil science provides an understanding of how soil properties relate to and can be managed for optimal agricultural production, forest, range, and wetland management, urban land use, waste disposal and management, and reclamation of drastically disturbed sites, such as mines. Microorganisms can provide active and passive advantageous impacts on crops by nutrient enhancement and by reducing damages caused by plant pathogens or environmental conditions ( Prasad et al., 2019 ). Role of nutrients in controlling plant diseases in sustainable agriculture. Although, to our understanding this problem can be control if the governments engage fully into economic agricultural practices. US Secretary for agriculture has blasted the EU’s “Farm to Fork” strategy and the continent’s reluctance to use new technologies in agriculture, in heated debate over how to make food production more sustainable. Engineering and landscaping industry: Soil serve as the base environment for homes, roads, educational institutes, health centers, government and non-governmental buildings. Beneficial soil microbes (BSMs) are identified as suitable candidates that may help in the sustainable management of the environment. Maintaining good soil quality is crucial for the sustainability of agriculture. Similarly, it will not serve as a means to alleviate rural poverty and hunger or even ready to feed the growing population for economic development by 2025 as stressed in FAO (1995) report. Hence, the role of soil and its applied science is of utmost important for sustainable crop production and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cultivation and tillage play an important role in agriculture. This water is useful for an ideal growth of plant roots, animals and microorganisms. Hunger and poverty have become endemic (Eswaran et al., 1997; Ehui and Pender, 2005). Generally, there are many contradictions regarding the links between sustainability, soil environment and economic development (DFID., 2000). Soil microorganisms provide several benefits to agriculture through improving plant nutrient availability, plant health, and soil quality (Barea et al., 2013; Lugtenberg, 2015). The Sub-Saharan Africa needs urgent sustainable crop production for economic development. In the following sections, I illustrate three stages of participation in the SSM farming CoP based on the interview material: seeking, experimenting and contributing. Biofertilizers play a major role in sustainable agriculture. Soil science as an independent sub-discipline of science and technology of crop production has played and continuous to plays a vital roles in Sub-Saharan African economic developments (Muchena and Kiome, 1995). The climate has been characterized as semi-arid with an average rainfall equaling 600 mm (more or less) and variations of up to 30 or 40% (FAO., 1995). Most of the agricultural researches are carried out on soils. Kate Scow is Professor of Soil Science and Microbial Ecology in the Department of Land, Air and Water Resources and Director of the Russell Ranch Sustainable Agriculture Facility that hosts the Century Experiment. 1 Department of Animal Science, University of ... 10.2527/1996.7461406x Abstract Ruminants have served and will continue to serve a valuable role in sustainable agricultural systems. Dev. The export services have created many ways of revenue generation to Sub-Saharan African nations. There are many methods to increase the sustainability of agriculture. Foreign exchange development: Soil provides an economic means of foreign exchange between one country to another. In Sub-Saharan Africa (for example), Rushemuka et al. In October 2014, the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) requested its High Level Panel of Experts for Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) to prepare a report on sustainable agricultural development for food security and nutrition, including the role of livestock, to be … Clearly, the role of science in agricultural sustainability is only as influential as our education and workforce structures permit. The quality of their life is poor and needs urgent sustainable development particularly in the aspect of crop production. Review: Role of herbivores in sustainable agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa - Volume 12 Supplement - A. The human populations used these animals for commercial and industrial purposes. Many countries depend greatly on these resources for the growth and development of their economy. James Lind Institute is a pioneer in the field of online training courses in various fields such as clinical development, public health and tropical medicine, pharmaceutical medicine, medical communication and journalism and social and environmental sciences. The sustainable management of this relationship requires a join hands to help obtain adequate soil-crop information that could serve as a guide to the achievement of sustainability and renewability of crop production for economic development in Sub-Saharan African region. Sustainability of crop production for economic development can only be achieved if the soil and soil resources are conserve and manage, properly. A multifaceted and dynamic natural resource ground water is useful for an ideal growth plant! Of role of soil science in sustainable agriculture production depends fully on quality of their economy review Christos to. 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