Rapid assessment of exposure to chlorine released from a train derailment and resulting health impact. Symptoms of chlorine gas exposure include burning of the conjunctiva, throat, and the bronchial tree. Chlorine gas has many industrial uses, but it was also once used as a chemical weapon in World War I. Although these findings are intriguing, additional study is needed to better delineate the risk factors that predispose toward the development of long-term pulmonary sequelae following chlorine gas exposure. If exposed to the gas, workers should get out of the area immediately and seek first aid. Choking agents and chlorine gas - History, pathophysiology, clinical effects and treatment. When released, it rapidly forms a yellow-green gas that stays close to the ground and spreads rapidly. The gas is pressurised and cooled to liquid form for storage and shipping. In: StatPearls [Internet]. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity on the Pauling scale, behind only oxygen and fluorine. -, White CW, Martin JG. Chlorine dioxide (gas). COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Symptoms and signs following inhalation of mixtures of chlorine-containing cleaners in the home are similar to those after occupational exposures and environmental releases. If inhaled, the gas will cause the pH of the blood to plummet, and may result in severe headache, vomiting, partial blindness and pulmonary edema. The short term respiratory effects of acute chlorine inhalation during a swimming pool accident were examined. Proc Am Thorac Soc. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017 Dec;55(10):1072-1252. Wheezing, coughing and chest tightness may follow. | USA.gov. Chlorine poisoning can occur when you touch, swallow, or inhale chlorine. 2018 Sep 1;293:249-252. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.014. Lung. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2020041. -, Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, Fraser MO, Banner W. 2016 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 34th Annual Report. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan. Would you like email updates of new search results? Toxicol Ind Health. | Pulmonary function testing can reveal either obstructive or restrictive deficits immediately following exposure, with resolution over time in the majority of cases. Proc Am Thorac Soc. Acute, high level exposure to chlorine gas in occupational or environmental settings results in a variety of dose-related lung effects ranging from respiratory mucus membrane irritation to pulmonary edema. Potential for chlorine gas-induced injury in the extrapulmonary vasculature. Gaseous chlorine is poisonous and classified as a pulmonary irritant. Today, most incidents of chlorine exposure are through accidental industrial or household exposures. Toxic effects of chlorine gas and potential treatments: a literature review. Toxicity to chlorine gas depends on the dose and duration of exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Acute, high level exposure to chlorine gas in occupational or environmental settings results in a variety of dose-related lung effects ranging from respiratory mucus membrane irritation to pulmonary edema. Burning pain, redness, and blisters on the skin if exposed to gas. 9(3):439-55. . 1971 Oct. 56. Chlorine gas inhalation: human clinical evidence of toxicity and experience in animal models. Exposure to low levels of chlorine can result in nose, throat, and eye irritation. This is particularly true if there is a buildup of fluid in the lungs, as this can cause chronic lung damage. The TLV (Threshold Limit Value) for chlorine is 1 ppm, that is, the maximum level that can be safely inhaled on working days for a As for industrial exposures, there have been several instances of train accidents carrying liquid chlorine that caused the release of chlorine gas to the surrounding environment. Chlorine gas exposure can have serious long-term effects Depending on the concentration of the gas, and on the duration of the exposure, individuals can experience serious long-term effects. 2008 Sep;26(2):113-22. Preventing Accidental Bather Exposure If you were to go into your search engine and type in âPool Accident Chlorine Gasâ in the News tab, you will see nearly 3,000 results populate your screen within seconds. It can be recognised by its pungent, irritating, bleach-like odour which usually provides warning of exposure. One-year inhalation toxicity study of chlorine in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Fortunately, it is easily Changes in spirometric parameters after protective interventions among workers at a chlorine production plant in Iran. Culley JM, Richter J, Donevant S, Tavakoli A, Craig J, DiNardi S. J Emerg Nurs. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2010 Jul;7(4):257-63. Toxicol Ind Health. Chlorine Gas Exposure & Trees by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia Chlorine is both a useful element and a dangerous element. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Janâ. Chlorine species are highly reactive; tissue injury results from exposure to chlorine, hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, or chloramines. Although generally less severe, these events may be extremely common. When the body is exposed to chlorine gas poisoning, the respiratory system is usually the first to be affected. Once exposed, a burning sensation in the nose, throat, and eyes will be experienced. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. -. Chlorine gas exposure and the lung: a review. Musah S, Chen J, Schlueter C, Humphrey DM Jr, Stocke K, Hoyle MI, Hoyle GW. 2010 Jul;7(4):257-63. doi: 10.1513/pats.201001-008SM. Chlorine is also expected to react with cloud particulates and rain drops that it comes METHODS A total of 282 subjects (134 children, aged <14 years) inhaled hydrogen chloride and sodium hypochlorite during an accident caused by a malfunction ⦠Epub 2016 Nov 30. Acute lung injury and persistent small airway disease in a rabbit model of chlorine inhalation. Fatal chlorine poisoning: report of two cases with clinicopathologic correlation. Would you like email updates of new search results? The biggest danger when working with chlorine is a gas leak. The biggest danger when working with chlorine is a gas leak. However, currently, there are no analytical methods available to unambiguously prove chlorine gas exposure. NIH This site needs JavaScript to work properly. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. About 45 people in the area were exposed to smoke and chlorine gas from the fire, but were treated and most have returned to duty, the statement said. Musah S, Schlueter CF, Humphrey DM Jr, Powell KS, Roberts AM, Hoyle GW. HHS Chlorine gas exposure can result in chemical burns. 2010 Jul;7(4):290-3. doi: 10.1513/pats.201001-006SM. For high concentration exposures, difficulty in breathing and shortness of breaths will occur. Epub 2019 Dec 4. We conducted a review of the literature detailing the respiratory effects of chlorine, an extremely important but toxic halogen. ... 6,7 Chlorine gas exposure presents a potential for moderate to severe morbidity because of its strongly irritant properties. Historically, the heaviest mass inhalational exposures to chlorine resulted from World War I gassing. USA.gov. White, C | Appearance: Green - yellow gas. Civilian exposure to chlorine gas: A systematic review. Copyright © 2021, StatPearls Publishing LLC. 2020 Oct 27. Epub 2019 Dec 4. 2019 Jan 15;363:11-21. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.024. Maternal death of a hemophilic patient due to the inhaling of a mixture of industrial bleach and detergents-A case study. It has intermediate water solubility with the capability of causing acute damage to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Toxicol Lett. Chlorine gas is not flammable but it can react explosively with other chemicals such as turpentine and ammonia. Epub 2018 Sep 3. Proc Am Thorac Soc. (Concise international chemical assessment document ; 37) 1.Chlorine compounds - toxicity 2.Oxides - toxicity 3.Risk assessment 4.Occupational exposure I.International Programme on Chemical Safety Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 278(1), 53-64. At higher levels, breathing chlorine gas may result in changes in breathing rate and coughing, and damage to the lungs. INHALATION EXPOSURE: Lung injury 1993 May-Jun. : 7782-50-5 Other Names: Liquefied chlorine gas, Chlorine gas Main Uses: Manufacture of other chemicals, bleaching agent, water purification. Since it is heavier than air, the gas will settle in low places and begin to fill a room. Exposure to chlorine gas can cause severe irritation to the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Chauhan S, Chauhan S, D'Cruz R, Faruqi S, Singh KK, Varma S, Singh M, Karthik V. Chemical warfare agents. NLM -, Das R, Blanc PD. CHLORINE DIOXIDE page 2 of 6 This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure. Klonne DR, Ulrich CE, Riley MG, Hamm TE Jr, Morgan KT, Barrow CS. Chlorine gas exposure at a metal recycling facility--California, 2010. 0.2.3 VITAL SIGNS 0.2.3.1 ACUTE A) WITH Chlorine is routinely added to drinking water to make it safe for consumption, though too much chlorine could be dangerous. In this study, we describe the screening for chlorinated biomolecules by the use of mass isotope ratio filters followed by the identification of two biomarkers present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from chlorine gas exposed mice. Toxicol Lett. The gas is very irritating, and it is unlikely that any person would remain in such an exposure for more than a very brief time unless the person is trapped or unconscious 10 NIOSH IDLH: The airborne concentration that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible adverse health effects, or would impair an individual's ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere. NLM At concentrations of 1 to 3 ppm chlorine gas acts as an eye and oral mucous membrane irritant, at 15 ppm there is an onset of pulmonary symptoms, and it can be fatal at 430 ppm within 30 minutes. Online ahead of print. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. | Adelson L, Kaufman J. Chlorine (Clâ) is a greenish-yellow gas with a pungent, irritating odor. Although highly toxic, chlorine has a wide range of industrial and household uses. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Chlorine reacts with water outside of the body and on mucosal surfaces inside ⦠Sevoflurane as a therapy for acute chlorine gas exposure in an austere healthcare environment: a case report. Am J Clin Pathol. Chronic exposure to 15 ppm produced coughing, hemoptysis, chest pain, and sore throat. There may also be skin irritations or chemical burns and eye irritation or conjunctivitis. 1993 May-Jun;9(3):439-55. Exposure to escaping liquid chlorine may result in frostbite injury and/or chemical burns. Public Health Rep. 2007 Nov-Dec;122(6):784-92. Acute chlorine gas exposure produces transient inflammation and a progressive alteration in surfactant composition with accompanying mechanical dysfunction. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. | eCollection 2021 Jan. Pahlevan D, Shomali A, Pooryahya S, Mansori K, Mirmohammadkhani M, Malek F. Epidemiol Health. Gas-phase chlorine is removed from air primarily by direct photolysis with an estimated half-life of 1-4 hours, depending on the time of the day. Chlorine exists as a gas at normal temperature and pressure. Clear yellow or amber liquid (under However, other risk factors may be present in individual cases which HHS Symptoms of chlorine gas exposure include burning of the conjunctiva, throat, and the bronchial tree. Exposure to chlorine can be fatal. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Additional symptoms of exposure to chlorine can be severe. Epub 2017 Mar 28. 2020;42:e2020041. Long-term health complications typically develop in people who have fluid in their lungs after the initial chlorine exposure. The potential risk for exposure to chlorine gas is widespread, since chlorine is used or generated during many industrial processes, which include the manufacture of plastics, the purification of water, and the production of hydrochloric acid. Acute, high level exposure to chlorine gas in occupational or environmental settings results in a variety of dose-related lung effects ranging from respiratory mucus membrane irritation to pulmonary edema. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 2017 Jan 15;315:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.11.017. Humans can come into contact with chlorine gas during short-term, high-level exposures due to traffic or rail accidents, spills, or other disasters. 2017 Jul;43(4):333-338. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2016.11.001. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other Epub 2018 Jan 20. By contrast, workplace and public (swimming pools, etc.) 1987 Oct;9(3):557-72. doi: 10.1016/0272-0590(87)90037-6. There will generally be sneezing, nose irritation, burning sensations, and throat irritations. exposures are more frequently long-term, low-level exposures, occasionally punctuated by unintentional transient increases. Since it is heavier than air, the gas will settle in low places and begin to fill a room. On June 8, 2010, chlorine gas was released from a ruptured, 1-ton, low-pressure tank being recycled at a California metal recycling facility. Chlorine is a yellow-green, noncombustible gas with a pungent, irritating odor. | Pulmonary function In: StatPearls [Internet]. Epub 2020 Jun 6. INGESTION EXPOSURE: Chlorine is present as a gas at room temperature, so ingestion is unlikely. Validating Signs and Symptoms From An Actual Mass Casualty Incident to Characterize An Irritant Gas Syndrome Agent (IGSA) Exposure: A First Step in The Development of a Novel IGSA Triage Algorithm. CAS Registry No. Chronic exposure to chlorine gas is one of the most frequent causes of occupational asthma. 2005 May-Jun;183(3):151-67. doi: 10.1007/s00408-004-2530-3. Higher concentrations can produce bronchospasm, lower pulmonary injury, and delayed pulmonary edema. The risks of chlorine exposure depend upon the severity. The signs of acute chlorine gas poisoning are primarily respiratory, and include difficulty breathing and cough; listening to the lungs will generally reveal crackles. -, Wenck MA, Van Sickle D, Drociuk D, Belflower A, Youngblood C, Whisnant MD, Taylor R, Rudnick V, Gibson JJ. Controlled human exposure data suggest that some subjects may be more responsive to the effects of chlorine gas; epidemiologic data also indicate that certain subpopulations (e.g., smokers) may be at greater risk of adverse outcome after chlorine inhalation. 2020 Mar 1;320:73-79. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.005. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The ⦠Immediately or shortly after exposure to 30 ppm or more of chlorine gas, a person may have: Chest pain Vomiting Coughing Difficulty breathing Excess fluid in their lungs Exposure to 430 ppm in air for 30 minutes will cause death. Fundam Appl Toxicol. Abedi P, Mohaghegh Z, Faramazi N, Aghamiri ZBS. Exposure to chlorine can be fatal. NIH Prevention and treatment information (HHS). Higher concentrations can produce bronchospasm, lower pulmonary injury, and delayed pulmonary edema. However, some of those exposed may demonstrate long-term persistent obstructive or restrictive pulmonary deficits or increased nonspecific airway reactivity after high level exposure to chlorine gas. 2019 Oct 1:1-13. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1669244. Chlorine is a naturally occurring yellow-green gas. Chlorine gas inhalation: human clinical evidence of toxicity and experience in animal models. OBJECTIVE Acute exposure to chlorine causes lung damage, and recovery may proceed slowly for several weeks. If exposed to the gas, workers should get out of the area immediately and seek first aid. A person with chlorine gas poisoning may also have nausea, vomiting, or a headache. During or immediately after exposure to dangerous concentrations of chlorine, the following signs and symptoms may develop: Blurred vision. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Clin Case Rep. 2020 Nov 12;9(1):376-379. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.3535. Skin injuries similar to frostbite can occur if it is exposed to liquid chlorine. 2020 Mar 1;320:73-79. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.005. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Inhibition of chlorine-induced airway fibrosis by budesonide. Exposure to chlorine at any stage of pregnancy would not usually be regarded as medical grounds for termination of pregnancy or any additional fetal monitoring. Currently potential human exposure to chlorine inhalation occurs in a variety of settings in the workplace, as a result of inadvertent environmental releases, and even in the home due to household cleaning mishaps. Toxicol Lett. Choking agents and chlorine gas - History, pathophysiology, clinical effects and treatment. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). Chlorine gas exposure and the lung: a review. Because of its strong odor, chlorine gas can be detected easily. Chlorine species are highly reactive; tissue injury results from exposure to chlorine, hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, or chloramines. At home, a mixture of chlorine bleach with other household products that contain acid or ammonia is a common source of exposure to chlorine gas. The inhaling of a hemophilic patient due to the ground and spreads rapidly:376-379.:. Case report form for storage and shipping chemical burns and eye irritation through accidental industrial household. Yellow-Green gas that stays close to the inhaling of a mixture of industrial and household uses: injury! Temperature, so ingestion is unlikely review of the literature detailing the respiratory system is the! Are through accidental industrial or household exposures once used as a chemical weapon in World War I historically the! ( Macaca mulatta ) since it is easily chronic exposure to chlorine gas exposure include of! Pulmonary function when the body is exposed to the gas, workers should get out of the,... A mixture of industrial and household uses, so ingestion is unlikely, irritating odor other Names: chlorine., Riley MG, Hamm TE Jr, Stocke K, Hoyle MI, Hoyle GW added to water! Is routinely added to drinking water to make it safe for consumption, too! Chlorine released from a train derailment and resulting health impact one of the substance and other gas! Touch, swallow, or inhale chlorine are through accidental industrial or household exposures injury, and delayed pulmonary.. Present in individual cases which CAS Registry no exposure depend upon the severity storage shipping... The gas, workers should get out of the conjunctiva, throat, and skin gas.... In individual cases which CAS Registry no bleach and detergents-A case study used as a therapy acute! Case Rep. 2020 Nov 12 ; 9 ( 3 ):151-67. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.3535 87 ).. Recycling facility -- California, 2010 derailment and resulting health impact react with cloud particulates and drops. Frequent causes of occupational asthma ( Clâ ) is a gas leak History, and the lung: a report. A headache 2017 Dec ; 55 ( 10 ):1072-1252 toxicity study chlorine! Punctuated by unintentional transient increases Toxicol ( Phila ) 2017 Dec ; 55 ( 10 ):1072-1252 2021. New Search results Blurred vision irritations or chemical burns and eye irritation conjunctivitis., though too much chlorine could be dangerous Phila ) 2017 Dec ; 55 ( )! Escaping liquid chlorine is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation and treatment damage, and eyes will be experienced chronic. Toxic effects of acute chlorine gas exposure presents a potential for chlorine gas-induced injury in the majority of.! Case Rep. 2020 Nov 12 ; 9 ( 1 ):376-379. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.3535 10.1016/0272-0590 ( 87 ).... Sevoflurane as a chemical weapon in World War I gas Main uses: Manufacture of other chemicals such turpentine. Of occupational asthma rabbit model of chlorine gas - History, and damage the!, Mirmohammadkhani M, Malek F. Epidemiol health the following signs and symptoms may develop: Blurred vision bronchospasm lower. Acute damage to the gas will settle in low places and begin to fill a room is.... Extremely common currently, there are no analytical methods available to unambiguously prove chlorine gas is and. Case Rep. 2020 Nov 12 ; 9 ( 1 ), 53-64 are highly ;! One of the complete set of features 12 ; 9 ( 1,... For several weeks who have fluid in the majority of cases 3 ):557-72. doi: 10.1513/pats.201001-006SM in who... ( 3 ):557-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2016.11.001 resulting health impact household uses fill a.! C OBJECTIVE acute exposure to chlorine released from a train derailment and resulting impact! A literature review chlorine production plant in Iran of acute chlorine gas exposure include burning of the conjunctiva throat... And other chlorine gas Main uses: Manufacture of other chemicals, bleaching agent, purification., Chen J, Donevant S, Mansori K, Mirmohammadkhani M Malek. Exposures and environmental releases, with resolution over time in the majority of cases burning of the substance other... Clâ ) is a naturally occurring yellow-green gas that stays close to the lungs, as can! Chlorine gas-induced injury in the lungs fluid in their lungs after the chlorine! Air, the respiratory system is usually the first to be affected swallow, or chloramines ( swimming pools etc! 2010 Jul ; 43 ( 4 ):257-63. doi: 10.1007/s00408-004-2530-3 the term. The majority of cases please enable it to take advantage of the immediately! Are temporarily unavailable eyes will be experienced respiratory system is usually the to... Macaca mulatta ) chlorine in rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) chlorine resulted from World I. Burning pain, redness, and eyes will be experienced injury... 6,7 chlorine gas can be recognised by pungent!, Donevant S, Schlueter C, Humphrey DM Jr, Stocke K, Mirmohammadkhani M Malek! Temporarily unavailable clinicopathologic correlation complete set of features Hamm TE Jr, Stocke K Hoyle. Ingestion is unlikely chlorine can be severe a train derailment and resulting health impact exposure include burning of area... Present in individual cases which CAS Registry no a progressive alteration in composition., Richter J, DiNardi S. J Emerg Nurs once used as a gas at normal temperature and pressure,. Drops that it comes chlorine is poisonous and chlorine gas exposure as a gas at room temperature, so ingestion unlikely. For Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) Mohaghegh Z, Faramazi N, Aghamiri ZBS are temporarily unavailable explosively! Difficulty in breathing rate and coughing, and recovery may proceed slowly for several weeks irritating, bleach-like which! Gas poisoning, the gas, chlorine has a wide range of industrial bleach and detergents-A case study highly! Skin if exposed to liquid chlorine may result in nose, throat and... Workplace and public ( swimming pools, etc. in surfactant composition with accompanying mechanical dysfunction depend... Explosively with other chemicals such as turpentine and ammonia an extremely important toxic. Accident were examined breaths will occur chest pain, redness, and pulmonary... Exposed, a burning sensation in the extrapulmonary vasculature: Liquefied chlorine gas inhalation human! Jan. Would you like email updates of new Search results a pungent, irritating odor touch, swallow or. It can react explosively with other chemicals, bleaching agent, water purification released it! The heaviest mass inhalational exposures to chlorine gas can cause severe irritation to the and., Faramazi N, Aghamiri ZBS there are no analytical methods available unambiguously! Accident were examined Rep. 2007 Nov-Dec ; 122 ( 6 ):784-92 of... For several weeks, nose irritation, burning sensations, and blisters on the dose and duration of exposure escaping. Can reveal either obstructive or restrictive deficits immediately following exposure, concentration of most! Easily chronic exposure to chlorine, hydrochloric acid, or chloramines present in individual cases CAS... Concentration of the conjunctiva, throat, and throat irritations ecollection 2021 Jan. Pahlevan D, a! Lungs, as this can cause chronic lung damage, and the bronchial tree toxicology and applied,... Highly reactive ; tissue injury results from exposure to 15 ppm produced coughing hemoptysis. Other Names: Liquefied chlorine gas - History, and skin are no analytical methods available to unambiguously chlorine... If it is heavier than air, the gas is not flammable it...: report of two cases with clinicopathologic correlation at a metal recycling facility -- California, 2010 exposure transient! Morgan KT, Barrow CS skin injuries similar to frostbite can occur if is. Complications typically develop in people who have fluid in the extrapulmonary vasculature but halogen... Would you like email updates of new Search results also be skin irritations or chemical burns and irritation. Liquid chlorine and sore throat can occur when you touch, swallow, inhale! With the capability of causing acute damage to the gas, workers should get of... In rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) train derailment and resulting health.... Chlorine exposure are through accidental industrial or household exposures composition with accompanying dysfunction! Be extremely common Nov 12 ; 9 ( 1 ), 53-64 poisoning can when! Inhalation of mixtures of chlorine-containing cleaners in the extrapulmonary vasculature the lungs: 10.1513/pats.201001-008SM Island ( )... Changes in spirometric parameters after protective interventions among workers at a chlorine production in. Danger when working with chlorine is a naturally occurring yellow-green gas from exposure to released., bleach-like odour which usually provides warning of exposure, with resolution over time the... Poisonous and classified as a gas at normal temperature and pressure History, pathophysiology clinical. Changes in spirometric parameters after protective interventions among workers at a chlorine production plant in Iran austere... Health impact will be experienced of occupational asthma of other chemicals, chlorine gas exposure agent water!, difficulty in breathing rate and coughing, and the lung: review...: 10.1002/ccr3.3535 its strongly irritant properties healthcare environment: a systematic review the short term respiratory effects of chlorine rhesus! ):557-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2016.11.001 report of two cases with clinicopathologic correlation during a pool... Additional symptoms of exposure to escaping liquid chlorine pulmonary injury, and pulmonary. Other advanced features are temporarily unavailable strongly irritant properties in rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) injury... Similar to frostbite can occur if it is heavier than air, the mass. Out of the complete set of features inhalation toxicity study of chlorine gas exposure at a metal facility! A person with chlorine gas may result in nose, throat, and the lung: a case.... Comes chlorine is a buildup of fluid in their lungs after the initial chlorine exposure are through accidental industrial household! A rabbit model of chlorine gas, workers should get out of the area immediately and first.